This report was compiled from the findings and case studies presented at a workshop held on 5-6 December 2004, in Cairo Egypt. This report contains an overview on global trends and regional analyses, implementing legislated quotas for women, quota adopted by political parties, methods on enhance women’s participation, and the role of the international community and international instruments. The international IDEA had convened a series of regional workshops to gather qualitative data. The report also has 6 case studies about women’s participation and quota include comparative experiences with quotas, address the culture challenges to women’s representation in the Arab world, and point the opportunities that could be seized in order to meet those challenges.