It is estimated that since the start of the Syrian conflict in 211,over 3, foreign fighters have joined Sunni militant groups,such as ISIS and al-Qaeda,in Iraq and Syria. The Middle East,with approximately 11, foreign fighters,remains the primary source of foreign fighters in the Syrian and the Iraq conflict. According to recent estimates,Jordan is ranked as either the first or the second country in the world with over 3 foreign fighters,the highest number of foreign fighters,on a per capita basis,in the Syrian and the Iraq conflict. This report synthesizes existing knowledge on the drivers of radicalization leading to violent extremism in Jordan as well as introduces new knowledge on the topic. The most important highlights of the research are that unemployment,frustrations with governance,unequal opportunities,proximity to Syria and to the terrorist groups operating there,the spread of militant jihadi ideologies,strong identification with Sunni victims in nearby sectarian conflicts,and anger over sectarian politics witnessed in activities during the previous Iraq war,and now in Syria,serve as powerful motivators into violent extremism in Jordan. As the data in this report suggest,Jordan remains an active contributor of foreign fighters to the neighboring Syria and Iraq and violent extremists have managed to inspire and mount attacks inside Jordan as well. “Social ISIS” is on the rise as ideological concepts are increasingly accepted,such as suicide terrorism as “martyrdom” and Takfiri ideas that those who disagree with one’s interpretation of religion can,and should,be killed. Regardless of whether foreign fighters stay or return,they will continue to pose a threat to Jordan,either through direct involvement,through proxies,or through their family ties. In this context,this report presents a number of policies that could help to address vulnerabilities among susceptible and vulnerable populations and potentially help curb the future flow of Jordanian foreign fighters into Syria and Iraq and protect Jordan from the threat of militant jihadi infiltration and attacks on its own soil.