This policy paper is part of a larger research project conducted in Jordan and Egypt between 2018 and 2019, with the aim of exploring the emergence of social movements in the aftermath of the Arab Spring. The project was implemented by the Information and Research Center - King Hussein Foundation (IRCKHF) in partnership with the American University of Cairo. The research in Jordan was based on 52 in-depth interviews with different social movement actors working on social, political, economic, and human rights issues as well as 5 in-depth interviews with policymakers.
Based on interviews, this research found that social movements in Jordan vary by type, structure and demands. From coalitions, unions, political parties, CSOs to informal groups, the demands of social movements can be categorized into three main categories: defending liberties and human rights; demanding social, political and economic reform; and advocating for environmental protection. Informal movements were found to face greater challenges in their organization and work, as they are not part of a registered organization or party.